Settings Pattern of Glomerular Disease in Renal Biopsy Patients in Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
Introduction: Glomerular diseases, affecting the kidney's filtration units, show diverse patterns and prevalence across populations and regions. Renal biopsy remains the gold standard for accurate diagnosis and prognostic assessment. Understanding these disease patterns aids clinicians in risk stratification and developing tailored treatment plans, thus enhancing patient outcomes. This study examines glomerular disease patterns in patients undergoing renal biopsy in an eastern Nepal tertiary hospital.
Methods: A hospital-based prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital, from 5th January 2023 to 30th June 2023. Seventy patients with different clinical indications were consecutively enrolled for renal biopsies. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained before the study. Clinical and laboratory data were collected, and biopsy samples were sent for histopathological examination in India. Histopathological findings were recorded and statistically analyzed using SPSS version 23, calculating frequency, mean, and standard deviation.
Results: The mean age of patients was 31.9±7.1 years, ranging from 19 to 45 years, 52.9% were male. Nephrotic syndrome was the most common indication for renal biopsy. Immunoglobulin A nephropathy 17(24.2%) was the most prevalent glomerular disease followed by Lupus nephritis 12(17.1%). The most common histopathological finding in all age groups was IgAN, males had Minimal Change Disease 8 (21.6%) and in females, it was Lupus nephritis 12(36.3%).
Conclusion: In conclusion, our study identified IgA nephropathy and Lupus nephritis as the most common glomerular diseases among renal biopsy patients.
